粮农组织呼吁实现粮食安全

 ROME, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) -- The Rome-based United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) published the State of Agricultural Commodity Markets (SOCO) 2015-2016 on Wednesday, calling for a pragmatic approach that would align¹ agricultural and trade policies at the national level.

Rules governing international trade of food and agricultural products should be crafted with an eye to improving countries' food security and other development objectives. However, the linkages² between trade and food security were highly complex and have been subject to intense debates, at the national and global levels, the report said.

The new edition of this flagship FAO report aimed to reduce the current polarization of views on the impacts of agricultural trade on food security, and provide guidance on how agricultural trade should be governed.

FAO calls for alignment³ of trade, agricultural development policies to achieve food security

The report expected increase in global trade of farm products along with shifting patterns of trade and multiples sources of risks to global supplies would give trade and its governance a heightened influence over the extent and nature of food security everywhere.

As a result, the challenge for policy makers⁴ had evolved into one ensuring that its expansion "works for, and not against, the elimination⁵ of hunger, food insecurity and malnutrition," according to the report.

Subtitled "Achieving a better balance between national priorities and the collective good," the report emphasizes that the role of trade varies greatly with country characteristics, such as income, economic and landholding structure, the stage of agricultural development and the degree of integration⁶ of farmers in global value chains.

Amid such variety in country conditions, international rules for formulating⁷ national trade policies should be supportive of efforts to mitigate⁸ disruptions that affect any of the four dimensions of food security: availability, access, utilization⁹ and stability.

The report also stressed that balancing short-run and long-run objectives is becoming vitally important considering that the nature of disruptions varies greatly and that market shocks would likely become more frequent due to geopolitical, weather and policy-induced uncertainties¹⁰.

Meanwhile, efforts to intervene and shield domestic markets from global price volatility¹¹ could in fact lead to increased domestic price volatility, agricultural incentives¹² play an important role in in boosting agricultural production and efficiency and fostering broader economic growth.

FAO Deputy Director-General Daniel Gustafson stressed in his forward that trade in agricultural and food products was significant in assuring that countries meet the sustainable development goals and particular goal to eliminate hunger, improving food security and promoting agricultural sustainability.

Gustafson said, this report would explain how trade could affect food security and nutrition, while providing guidance to identify the most appropriate interventions¹³ in different contexts.

World Trade Organization Deputy Director-General, Yi Xiaozhun also attended the conference as a manifestation¹⁴ of collaboration¹⁵ of two organizations in this report.

Yi said many aspects of WTO's work were informed and influenced by food security. FAO and WTO maintained a strong synergistic collaboration with regard to many of these aspects, including a partnership¹⁶ through the area of food safety, and the promotion¹⁷ of international standard.

Yi expressed his confidence in this study. "It would offer important insights to help its readers to understand complex relationship between trade and food security, and contribute to further enrich the food security debate," he said. 

1 align   

vt.使成一线，结盟，调节；vi.成一线，结盟

参考例句：

• Align the ruler and the middle of the paper.使尺子与纸张的中部成一条直线。
• There are signs that the prime minister is aligning himself with the liberals.有迹象表明首相正在与自由党人结盟。

2 linkages   

n.连接( linkage的名词复数 )；结合；联系；联动装置

参考例句：

• Only the thermosetting resins provide a strong cohesive forces; this is due to molecular cross linkages. 只有热固性树脂具有巨大的凝聚力，这是由于分子交错链所造成的。 来自辞典例句
• The linkages between the stable units must be as near as possible of equal stability. 稳定链节之间的键必须有尽可能接近的稳定性。 来自辞典例句

3 alignment   

n.队列；结盟，联合

参考例句：

• The church should have no political alignment.教会不应与政治结盟。
• Britain formed a close alignment with Egypt in the last century.英国在上个世纪与埃及结成了紧密的联盟。

4 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

5 elimination   

n.排除，消除，消灭

参考例句：

• Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
• I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。

6 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

7 formulating   

v.构想出( formulate的现在分词 )；规划；确切地阐述；用公式表示

参考例句：

• At present, the Chinese government is formulating nationwide regulations on the control of such chemicals. 目前，中国政府正在制定全国性的易制毒化学品管理条例。 来自汉英非文学 - 白皮书
• Because of this, the U.S. has taken further steps in formulating the \"Magellan\" programme. 为此，美国又进一步制定了“麦哲伦”计划。 来自百科语句

8 mitigate   

vt.（使）减轻，（使）缓和

参考例句：

• The government is trying to mitigate the effects of inflation.政府正试图缓和通货膨胀的影响。
• Governments should endeavour to mitigate distress.政府应努力缓解贫困问题。

9 utilization   

n.利用，效用

参考例句：

• Computer has found an increasingly wide utilization in all fields.电子计算机已越来越广泛地在各个领域得到应用。
• Modern forms of agricultural utilization,have completely refuted this assumption.现代农业利用形式，完全驳倒了这种想象。

10 uncertainties   

无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 )； 不确定； 变化不定； 无把握、不确定的事物

参考例句：

• One of the uncertainties of military duty is that you never know when you might suddenly get posted away. 任军职不稳定的因素之一是你永远不知道什么时候会突然被派往它处。
• Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. 影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。 来自汉英非文学 - 十六大报告

11 volatility   

n.挥发性，挥发度，轻快，（性格）反复无常

参考例句：

• That was one reason why volatility was so low last year.这也是去年波动性如此低的原因之一。
• Yet because volatility remained low for so long,disaster myopia prevailed.然而，由于相当长的时间里波动性小，灾难短视就获胜了。

12 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

13 interventions   

n.介入，干涉，干预( intervention的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Economic analysis of government interventions deserves detailed discussion. 政府对经济的干预应该给予充分的论述。 来自辞典例句
• The judge's frequent interventions made a mockery of justice. 法官的屡屡干预是对正义的践踏。 来自互联网

14 manifestation   

n.表现形式；表明；现象

参考例句：

• Her smile is a manifestation of joy.她的微笑是她快乐的表现。
• What we call mass is only another manifestation of energy.我们称之为质量的东西只是能量的另一种表现形态。

15 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

16 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

17 promotion   

n.提升，晋级；促销，宣传

参考例句：

• The teacher conferred with the principal about Dick's promotion.教师与校长商谈了迪克的升级问题。
• The clerk was given a promotion and an increase in salary.那个职员升了级，加了薪。