如今流行新喝法 啤酒真的能越陈越香?

 　　When Russian River released Pliny the Younger in February, 300 thirsty fans lined up outside the tiny Santa Rosa, Calif., brewpub for the first sip² of this super-hoppy beer. Hop³ flavors fade fast, and for IPAs and even stronger Imperial IPAs like Pliny, fresh is best: It's on tap once a year and runs dry in days. But as the screechingly hop-forward brews⁴ of the craft-beer movement's first wave give way to deeper, more complex flavors, the revolution is moving down to the cellar. For some beer lovers, the best bottles aren't the freshest, they're the dustiest.

　　加州 罗莎(Santa Rosa)的小酒馆Russian River今年2月份推出Pliny the Younger时，300名发烧友排队等候在门外，迫不及待地想在第一时间品尝这款酒花味超浓的啤酒。由于酒花味会迅速变淡，因此印度淡色艾尔啤酒(简称IPA)和Pliny这种更加浓烈的帝王IPA(Imperial IPA)最好趁新鲜品尝：这款啤酒一年推出一次，几天就会售罄。但随着手工精酿啤酒第一波浪潮中代表性的刺激酒花味让位于更加深邃复杂的味道，这场变革正在延伸至酒窖。在一些啤酒爱好者看来，最好的酒并不是那些最新鲜的，而是最有年头的。

　　As with many of beer's latest trends -- limited editions, a preoccupation with terroir, cork-sealed bottles -- this one takes cues from the wine world. At restaurants like San Francisco's Abbot's Cellar, the cicerones, beer's equivalent of sommeliers, pour celebrated⁵ vintage brews like Baladin's Port-like 2009 Xyauyu Etichetta Oro.

　　和啤酒界许多最新潮流（如限量版、重视产区、采用软木塞封瓶）一样，本轮浪潮也取道于葡萄酒界。在旧金山的Abbot's Cellar 等餐馆，侍酒师会为客人斟上Baladin 2009年产的Xyauyu Etichetta Oro（相当于葡萄酒中的波特(Port)酒）等著名年份佳酿。

　　如今流行新喝法 啤酒真的能越陈越香?

　　But amassing⁶ an all-star beer cellar doesn't have to be a white-tablecloth endeavor price-wise. Great age-able beers can be quite affordable⁷. A six-pack of Sierra Nevada's Bigfoot -- a spicy⁸ barley⁹ wine that turns as syrupy as sweet Sherry after a few years -- goes for about $12.

　　打造一个全明星阵容的高档酒窖其实并不一定要花很多钱。有陈年潜力的上品佳酿价格可能相当实惠。Sierra Nevada六瓶装的Bigfoot（一款辛辣的大麦酒，保存几年之后会像雪利甜酒(Sherry)一样甜腻）售价仅在12美元左右。

　　Still, you can't buy just anything and lay it down to age. Not all beers get better with time. Hop-driven IPAs lose their kick quickly as light, heat and oxygen degrade the flavorful flowers' acids and oils. Stone Brewing¹⁰ Co.'s Enjoy By IPA touts¹¹ its bottled-on date as a badge, and the brewery¹²'s cicerone, Bill Sysak, recommends immediate¹³ consumption. Instead, Mr. Sysak stocks his personal cellar -- 2,800 bottles and counting -- with strong, dark and bottle-conditioned beers. The sometimes overpowering fusel alcohol notes of stronger beers, 8% ABV (alcohol by volume) and up, mellow¹⁴ over time; living yeast¹⁵ in bottle-conditioned beers adds character as it continues to ferment¹⁶ residual¹⁷ sugars.

　　不过，不是随便什么啤酒都可以买来放置陈年。并非所有啤酒都是越陈品质越好。酒花味突出的IPA会迅速丧失那股冲击力，因为光、热和氧气会降解啤酒花中的酸和油。Stone Brewing Co.的Enjoy By IPA以其装瓶日期为卖点，这家酒坊的侍酒师比尔·西萨克(Bill Sysak)也建议尽快饮用它。而西萨克的私人酒窖（有 2,800瓶啤酒，而且还在不断增加）藏有瓶中熟成的烈性深色啤酒。烈性啤酒（酒精含量在8%及以上）中有时过强的杂醇油味会随着时间的推移而变得柔和起来；而瓶中熟成啤酒中的活性酵母会持续发酵残留的糖分，从而为啤酒增添更多个性。

　　Aging beers truly is an adventure. Sweet, bottle-conditioned Belgians dry out; fiery¹⁸ barley wines turn smooth and caramelly. Stone's Imperial Russian Stout¹⁹, Mr. Sysak said, 'might be astringent²⁰, fresh, like espresso. But aged²¹, it's a delicious chocolate-coffee dessert.' One of the oldest he's tried, a 1968 Thomas Hardy's Ale, 'was like an Oloroso Sherry: nuts, toffee, leather and smoke.'

　　啤酒的熟成确实是一场冒险。甘甜的瓶中熟成比利时啤酒(Belgians)口味会变干；辛辣的大麦酒则会变得柔滑并带有焦糖味。西萨克说，Stone酿制的Imperial Russian 烈性黑啤酒(Stout)“新鲜时也许像浓咖啡那样有些苦涩。但陈年后就成了美味的巧克力咖啡甜品”。他品尝过的最陈年的啤酒之一是1968年产的Thomas Hardy's Ale，他说：“这款酒味道很像欧罗索雪利酒(Oloroso Sherry)：它混合了坚果、太妃糖、皮革和烟草的芳香。”

　　The beers may be strong, but they must be aged gently. Aim for 54 degrees Fahrenheit²² -- a mini-fridge with a temperature control is nice, but a dark interior closet works too. Mr. Sysak found a sweet spot in his guest bathroom. 'People would open the cupboard and find all these rare bottles,' he said. Above all, you want consistency²³. Temperature fluctuations²⁴ will age beer prematurely²⁵ and might throw its proteins out of solution, turning the brew¹ hazy²⁶.

　　有些啤酒酒性也许很烈，但熟成的过程必须要轻柔。理想的储存温度是华氏54度（12摄氏度）——能放在可控温的小冰箱里很好，但放入室内避光的壁橱里也可以。西萨克就在他的客房卫生间里找到一处理想的储藏场所。他说：“人们打开橱柜，会发现这些罕见的啤酒。”最重要的是要保持恒温。温度的波动会让啤酒过早熟成，而且有可能会使蛋白质析出，导致酒体浑浊。

　　There's no need to bother with horizontal storage, even with cork-sealed beers. Most modern corks²⁷ are treated with wax so they won't dry out, and vertical²⁸ storage minimizes contact between the beer and air in the bottle, slowing the aging process.

　　啤酒没有必要横放贮存，即使是软木塞封瓶的啤酒也没有必要。现代的软木塞大都会上蜡，因此不会变得干硬，竖放贮存能尽可能地减少啤酒与瓶内空气的接触，减缓熟成过程。

　　The biggest question is when to drink. Allagash recommends about three years for a Belgian brew like its Interlude, bready and tannic. Alaskan Brewing Co.'s Smoked Porter -- thought up by brewery founder²⁹ Geoff Larson over a plate of lox with a salmon-curing neighbor -- 'hasn't peaked yet,' said Mr. Larson. Since most of these beers are relatively³⁰ affordable, buy a bunch and open one from time to time. After a few years, try a vertical tasting: one beer, different ages. Start with the oldest bottle and proceed chronologically³¹, so the younger batch's more intense flavors don't overwhelm your palate at the outset. And, as with wine, sip and savor³². Tasting, like aging, takes patience. 'Drinking these beers is like getting into a hot tub,' Mr. Larson said. 'Go slowwww.'

　　最重要的问题是酒应该在什么时候喝。Allagash建议，像Interlude这种带面包和单宁味的比利时啤酒可以搁三年左右再喝。Alaskan Brewing Co.烟熏波特啤酒(Smoked Porter)的创意是该酒坊创始人杰夫·拉森(Geoff Larson)与加工三文鱼的邻居在享用一盘烟熏三文鱼时想出来的，拉森说，这款酒“还没有达到巅峰”。这些啤酒价格大都比较适中，不妨多囤一些，每过一段时间打开一瓶。几年之后，可以尝试一下垂直品酒：即品尝不同年份的同款啤酒。可从最陈年的啤酒开始，按年代顺序依次品尝，这样新鲜啤酒更为浓烈的味道就不会一上来便征服你的味蕾。另外，和葡萄酒一样，请小口啜饮，慢慢品尝。 品酒和存酒一样，都需要耐心。拉森说：“饮用这些啤酒就像泡热水澡一样，请慢慢来。”

　　STARTER KIT³³ // BEERS TO HOLD ON TO

　　新手套装//哪些啤酒宜久藏？

　　1. Deschutes The Abyss, 11% ABV

　　F. Martin Ramin/The Wall Street Journal1. Deschutes的The Abyss; 2. Alaskan Brewing Co.的烟熏波特啤酒；3. Hair of the Dog的 Adam; 4. Jolly Pumpkin³⁴的 Oro de Calabaza; 5. Ommegang的Three Philosophers; 6. Sierra Nevada 的Bigfoot1. Deschutes的The Abyss，酒精含量11%

　　This pitch-black imperial stout is devilishly smooth, even when young; given time, tannic molasses turns to rich chocolate, licorice spice to soothing³⁵ plum pudding.

　　这款帝王烈性黑啤酒呈深黑色，即使在新鲜时也极其柔滑；经年之后，单宁糖浆味会变成香浓的巧克力味，甘草香料则会变成清爽的李子布丁味。

　　2. Alaskan Brewing Co. Smoked Porter, 6.5% ABV

　　2. Alaskan Brewing Co. 的烟熏波特啤酒，酒精含量6.5%

　　After a few years, the alder³⁶ smoke turns richer and less sharp, the dark malt gets syrupy sweet and a bracing³⁷ cold-night nip becomes a warming frontiersman's breakfast redolent of maple-cured bacon.

　　经过几年的熟化，桤木的烟熏味会变得更加浓郁柔和，深色麦芽变得像糖浆一样甜，寒夜里让人精神一振的小饮已变身为拓荒者热气腾腾、散发着枫木熏肉香气的早餐。

　　3. Hair of the Dog Adam, 10% ABV

　　3. Hair of the Dog的Adam，酒精含量10%

　　A boisterous³⁸ roomful of distinct flavors when fresh -- dark chocolate, espresso, a wisp of cigar smoke, cacophonous³⁹ and loud. A year's rest or more trains those voices into a warmly lilting chorus.

　　新酿中截然不同的味道（黑巧克力、浓咖啡，还有一丝雪茄烟味）带来满屋喧嚣，嘈杂而又吵闹。经过一年多的存放，这些声音会变得和谐起来，成为带着暖意的轻快和音。

　　4. Jolly Pumpkin Oro de Calabaza, 8% ABV

　　4. Jolly Pumpkin的 Oro de Calabaza，酒精含量8%

　　A straw-hued, bottle-conditioned brew, aged in barrels with a bit of wild yeast, Jolly Pumpkin's flagship starts perfect and only gets better -- sliding from sweet, fruity golden raisins⁴⁰ to zesty⁴¹ dry Champagne⁴².

　　Pumpkin这款瓶中熟成的旗舰佳酿啤酒呈现稻草般的色泽，啤酒在桶中熟化时加入了一点野生酵母。这款酒新鲜时就很完美，随着时间推移更是愈加美妙——甘甜、散发果香的金色葡萄干逐渐变身为热辣的干香槟(Champagne)。

　　5. Ommegang Three Philosophers, 9.7%

　　5. Ommegang的Three Philosophers，酒精含量9.7%

　　Young, this strong blonde Belgian quadruple is sweet and hot, rum soaked cherries and caramelized figs⁴³. Bottled with a bit of live yeast, it'll dry out in time, honing a sharp, peppery edge.

　　这款酒力强劲的四重发酵比利时啤酒色泽金黄，新鲜时甘甜而辛辣，带有朗姆酒渍樱桃和焦糖无花果味。这款酒装瓶时加入了一点活性酵母，口味会随时间推移而变干，打磨出一种犀利的胡椒味。

　　6. Sierra Nevada Bigfoot, 9.6% ABV

　　6. Sierra Nevada的Bigfoot，酒精含量9.6%

　　A British-style strong beer, or barley wine, with a decidedly American hop-centric twist. Viscous⁴⁴ with Chinook hops⁴⁵' throat-coating pine and citrus resin⁴⁶, this monster sweetens into old age.

　　这是一款英国风格烈性啤酒（大麦酒），并带有鲜明的美国烙印，即突出酒花味。Chinook啤酒花让这款啤酒如同散发松树和柑橘芳香的黏稠树脂，包裹着饮酒者的喉咙。陈年后，这头“怪兽”会变得温柔起来。

1 brew   

v.酿造，调制

参考例句：

• Let's brew up some more tea.咱们沏些茶吧。
• The policeman dispelled the crowd lest they should brew trouble.警察驱散人群，因恐他们酿祸。

2 sip   

v.小口地喝，抿，呷；n.一小口的量

参考例句：

• She took a sip of the cocktail.她啜饮一口鸡尾酒。
• Elizabeth took a sip of the hot coffee.伊丽莎白呷了一口热咖啡。

3 hop   

n.单脚跳，跳跃；vi.单脚跳，跳跃；着手做某事；vt.跳跃，跃过

参考例句：

• The children had a competition to see who could hop the fastest.孩子们举行比赛，看谁单足跳跃最快。
• How long can you hop on your right foot?你用右脚能跳多远？

4 brews   

n.（尤指某地酿造的）啤酒( brew的名词复数 )；酿造物的种类；（茶）一次的冲泡量；（不同思想、环境、事件的）交融v.调制( brew的第三人称单数 )；酝酿；沏（茶）；煮（咖啡）

参考例句：

• He brews beer at home. 他在家里酿造啤酒。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• They produce the country's best brews of beer. 他们生产该国的佳酿啤酒。 来自辞典例句

5 celebrated   

adj.有名的，声誉卓著的

参考例句：

• He was soon one of the most celebrated young painters in England.不久他就成了英格兰最负盛名的年轻画家之一。
• The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience.观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。

6 amassing   

v.积累，积聚( amass的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The study of taxonomy must necessarily involve the amassing of an encyclopaedic knowledge of plants. 分类学研究一定要积累广博的植物知识。 来自辞典例句
• Build your trophy room while amassing awards and accolades. 建立您的奖杯积累奖项和荣誉。 来自互联网

7 affordable   

adj.支付得起的，不太昂贵的

参考例句：

• The rent for the four-roomed house is affordable.四居室房屋的房租付得起。
• There are few affordable apartments in big cities.在大城市中没有几所公寓是便宜的。

8 spicy   

adj.加香料的；辛辣的，有风味的

参考例句：

• The soup tasted mildly spicy.汤尝起来略有点辣。
• Very spicy food doesn't suit her stomach.太辣的东西她吃了胃不舒服。

9 barley   

n.大麦，大麦粒

参考例句：

• They looked out across the fields of waving barley.他们朝田里望去,只见大麦随风摇摆。
• He cropped several acres with barley.他种了几英亩大麦。

10 brewing   

n. 酿造, 一次酿造的量 动词brew的现在分词形式

参考例句：

• It was obvious that a big storm was brewing up. 很显然，一场暴风雨正在酝酿中。
• She set about brewing some herb tea. 她动手泡一些药茶。

11 touts   

n.招徕( tout的名词复数 )；（音乐会、体育比赛等的）卖高价票的人；侦查者；探听赛马的情报v.兜售( tout的第三人称单数 )；招揽；侦查；探听赛马情报

参考例句：

• Many vouchers are returned for cash, allowing touts and middle men to make a healthy margin. 许多月饼券都被兑换成现金，这让券贩子和中间商赚取了不蜚的利润。 来自互联网
• Spotting prey, the customary crowd of hustlers and touts swarmed around, jostling for my business. 照例有大群的拉客黄牛在寻觅猎物，他们争相过来抢我的生意。 来自互联网

12 brewery   

n.啤酒厂

参考例句：

• The brewery had 25 heavy horses delivering beer in London.啤酒厂有25匹高头大马在伦敦城中运送啤酒。
• When business was good,the brewery employed 20 people.在生意好的时候，这家酿造厂曾经雇佣过20人。

13 immediate   

adj.立即的；直接的，最接近的；紧靠的

参考例句：

• His immediate neighbours felt it their duty to call.他的近邻认为他们有责任去拜访。
• We declared ourselves for the immediate convocation of the meeting.我们主张立即召开这个会议。

14 mellow   

adj.柔和的；熟透的；v.变柔和；(使)成熟

参考例句：

• These apples are mellow at this time of year.每年这时节，苹果就熟透了。
• The colours become mellow as the sun went down.当太阳落山时，色彩变得柔和了。

15 yeast   

n.酵母；酵母片；泡沫；v.发酵；起泡沫

参考例句：

• Yeast can be used in making beer and bread.酵母可用于酿啤酒和发面包。
• The yeast began to work.酵母开始发酵。

16 ferment   

vt.使发酵；n./vt.（使）激动，（使）动乱

参考例句：

• Fruit juices ferment if they are kept a long time.果汁若是放置很久，就会发酵。
• The sixties were a time of theological ferment.六十年代是神学上骚动的时代。

17 residual   

adj.复播复映追加时间；存留下来的，剩余的

参考例句：

• There are still a few residual problems with the computer program.电脑程序还有一些残留问题。
• The resulting residual chromatism is known as secondary spectrum.所得到的剩余色差叫做二次光谱。

18 fiery   

adj.燃烧着的，火红的；暴躁的；激烈的

参考例句：

• She has fiery red hair.她有一头火红的头发。
• His fiery speech agitated the crowd.他热情洋溢的讲话激动了群众。

19 stout   

adj.强壮的，粗大的，结实的，勇猛的，矮胖的

参考例句：

• He cut a stout stick to help him walk.他砍了一根结实的枝条用来拄着走路。
• The stout old man waddled across the road.那肥胖的老人一跩一跩地穿过马路。

20 astringent   

adj.止血的，收缩的，涩的；n.收缩剂，止血剂

参考例句：

• It has an astringent effect.这个有止血的作用。
• Green persimmons are strongly astringent.绿柿子非常涩。

21 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

22 Fahrenheit   

n./adj.华氏温度；华氏温度计(的)

参考例句：

• He was asked for the boiling point of water in Fahrenheit.他被问到水的沸点是华氏多少度。
• The thermometer reads 80 degrees Fahrenheit.寒暑表指出华氏80度。

23 consistency   

n.一贯性，前后一致，稳定性；(液体的)浓度

参考例句：

• Your behaviour lacks consistency.你的行为缺乏一贯性。
• We appreciate the consistency and stability in China and in Chinese politics.我们赞赏中国及其政策的连续性和稳定性。

24 fluctuations   

波动，涨落，起伏( fluctuation的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• He showed the price fluctuations in a statistical table. 他用统计表显示价格的波动。
• There were so many unpredictable fluctuations on the Stock Exchange. 股票市场瞬息万变。

25 prematurely   

adv.过早地，贸然地

参考例句：

• She was born prematurely with poorly developed lungs. 她早产，肺部未发育健全。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• His hair was prematurely white, but his busy eyebrows were still jet-black. 他的头发已经白了，不过两道浓眉还是乌黑乌黑的。 来自辞典例句

26 hazy   

adj.有薄雾的，朦胧的；不肯定的，模糊的

参考例句：

• We couldn't see far because it was so hazy.雾气蒙蒙妨碍了我们的视线。
• I have a hazy memory of those early years.对那些早先的岁月我有着朦胧的记忆。

27 corks   

n.脐梅衣；软木( cork的名词复数 )；软木塞

参考例句：

• Champagne corks were popping throughout the celebrations. 庆祝会上开香槟酒瓶塞的砰砰声不绝於耳。 来自辞典例句
• Champagne corks popped, and on lace tablecloths seven-course dinners were laid. 桌上铺着带装饰图案的网织的桌布，上面是七道菜的晚餐。 来自飘（部分）

28 vertical   

adj.垂直的，顶点的，纵向的；n.垂直物，垂直的位置

参考例句：

• The northern side of the mountain is almost vertical.这座山的北坡几乎是垂直的。
• Vertical air motions are not measured by this system.垂直气流的运动不用这种系统来测量。

29 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

30 relatively   

adv.比较...地，相对地

参考例句：

• The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
• The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。

31 chronologically   

ad. 按年代的

参考例句：

• Manuscripts show cases arranged topically not chronologically. 从原稿看案例是按专题安排的而不是按年代次序安排的。
• Though the exhibition has been arranged chronologically, there are a few exceptions. 虽然展览的时间便已经安排好了，但是也有少数的例外。

32 savor   

vt.品尝，欣赏；n.味道，风味；情趣，趣味

参考例句：

• The soup has a savor of onion.这汤有洋葱味。
• His humorous remarks added a savor to our conversation.他幽默的话语给谈话增添了风趣。

33 kit   

n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物

参考例句：

• The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
• The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。

34 pumpkin   

n.南瓜

参考例句：

• They ate turkey and pumpkin pie.他们吃了火鸡和南瓜馅饼。
• It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!看起来就像南瓜里有人在看着你！

35 soothing   

adj.慰藉的；使人宽心的；镇静的

参考例句：

• Put on some nice soothing music.播放一些柔和舒缓的音乐。
• His casual, relaxed manner was very soothing.他随意而放松的举动让人很快便平静下来。

36 alder   

n.赤杨树

参考例句：

• He gave john some alder bark.他给了约翰一些桤木树皮。
• Several coppice plantations have been seeded with poplar,willow,and alder.好几个灌木林场都种上了白杨、柳树和赤杨。

37 bracing   

adj.令人振奋的

参考例句：

• The country is bracing itself for the threatened enemy invasion. 这个国家正准备奋起抵抗敌人的入侵威胁。
• The atmosphere in the new government was bracing. 新政府的气氛是令人振奋的。

38 boisterous   

adj.喧闹的，欢闹的

参考例句：

• I don't condescend to boisterous displays of it.我并不屈就于它热热闹闹的外表。
• The children tended to gather together quietly for a while before they broke into boisterous play.孩子们经常是先静静地聚集在一起，不一会就开始吵吵嚷嚷戏耍开了。

39 cacophonous   

adj.发音不和谐的，粗腔横调的

参考例句：

• They produced the most cacophonous beat of pop music. 他们制造了流行音乐最不协调的节拍。 来自辞典例句

40 raisins   

n.葡萄干( raisin的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These raisins come from Xinjiang,they taste delicious. 这些葡萄干产自新疆，味道很甜。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Mother put some raisins in the cake. 母亲在糕饼中放了一些葡萄干。 来自辞典例句

41 zesty   

adj.引起极大的快乐或兴奋的，有兴趣的

参考例句：

• Macaroni Parmesan Cheese Topping, and Sage Gravy will appeal to their zesty personalities. 意大利的通心面、士和美味肉汁一定很合他们的口味。 来自互联网
• This zesty and refreshing wine offers a freshly cut grass nose, herbaceous green bean. 这款爽口的葡萄酒引出绿豆般清新的香气。 来自互联网

42 champagne   

n.香槟酒；微黄色

参考例句：

• There were two glasses of champagne on the tray.托盘里有两杯香槟酒。
• They sat there swilling champagne.他们坐在那里大喝香槟酒。

43 figs   

figures 数字，图形，外形

参考例句：

• The effect of ring dyeing is shown in Figs 10 and 11. 环形染色的影响如图10和图11所示。
• The results in Figs. 4 and 5 show the excellent agreement between simulation and experiment. 图4和图5的结果都表明模拟和实验是相当吻合的。

44 viscous   

adj.粘滞的，粘性的

参考例句：

• Gases are much less viscous than liquids.气体的粘滞性大大小于液体。
• The mud is too viscous.You must have all the agitators run.泥浆太稠，你们得让所有的搅拌机都开着。

45 hops   

跳上[下]( hop的第三人称单数 )； 单足蹦跳； 齐足（或双足）跳行； 摘葎草花

参考例句：

• The sparrow crossed the lawn in a series of hops. 那麻雀一蹦一跳地穿过草坪。
• It is brewed from malt and hops. 它用麦精和蛇麻草酿成。

46 resin   

n.树脂，松香，树脂制品；vt.涂树脂

参考例句：

• This allyl type resin is a highly transparent, colourless material.这种烯丙基型的树脂是一种高度透明的、无色材料。
• This is referred to as a thixotropic property of the resin.这种特性叫做树脂的触变性。