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揭秘:各国领导人之间如何通话?

时间:2016-12-09 04:51来源:互联网 提供网友:mapleleaf   字体: [ ]
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   美国侯任总统特朗普正面临当选以来最大规模的批评声浪,当地时间2日他与台湾地区领导人蔡英文通电话引来国内外的抨击、质疑和嘲讽。特朗普在推特上强调电话是蔡英文打给他的,且主要谈话内容是祝贺,但他这一举动打破了美台1979年“断交”以来37年的外交惯例,释放出严重的错误信号。美国国内有人担心激怒北京,也有人不满特朗普不懂外交以至于犯下“菜鸟的错误”,白宫则迅速澄清“美国的两岸政策没有变化”。中国已向美方提出“严正交涉”,外长王毅表示,“这只是台湾方面搞的一个小动作,根本不可能改变国际社会已经形成的一个中国格局”。事实上,出于保密等原因,各国领导人之间通电话有一套十分复杂的程序需要遵守,下面我们就一起来看看。

  Hi, it's Putin, is Obama in?
  嗨,我是普京,奥巴马在吗?
  揭秘:各国领导人之间如何通话?
  "Hello, can I speak to the president?" is not an off-the-cuff request an operator is ever likely to hear from a world leader.
  电话接线员不可能从世界领导人那里听到像是“你好,我能和总统讲话吗?”这样冒失的请求的。
  By the time the initial pleasantries are exchanged between heads of state, the groundwork will have been done behind the scenes by the leaders' respective staff.
  在元首们互相寒暄之前,各方的工作人员要做好准备工作。
  "When there is an established relationship between two countries, it might be as simple as one situation room calling its counterpoint and saying my head of state wants to speak to yours," says Stephen Yates, who worked as deputy national security adviser1 to former US Vice-President Dick Cheney.
  前美国副总统迪克?切尼的副国家安全顾问史蒂芬?耶茨表示,“如果两国建立了外交关系,那么元首间通电话可能就和战情室的通话一样简单,可以说我国领导人希望和贵国领导人通话。”
  When countries are in less frequent contact, an ambassador may make the first formal request on their leader's behalf. They will set out the proposed agenda and reasons for the call and, if agreed, the reciprocal team would then work it into busy schedules.
  当两国接触不频繁时,一国大使可能会代表本国领导人首先提出正式请求。他们将提出议程安排和通话理由,如果获得同意的话,双方团队就会将通话排进繁忙的日程表。
  A helping2 hand for big issues and small talk
  重大问题和闲谈都需要助手
  World leaders are typically well briefed before speaking to each other.
  世界领导人在互相交谈之前通常都详细了解了情况。
  In the US, the president is given a dossier from the National Security Council (NSC), the principal US advisory3 body on national security and foreign policy.
  在美国,为总统提供相关材料的是国家安全委员会,这是美国国家安全和外交政策的主要咨询机构。
  If it is a simple courtesy call, the information provided may be basic, including details on who initiated4 contact, and two or three recommended talking points. There may also be some need-to-know personal information, such as a reminder5 to ask after a sick husband or wife.
  如果只是简单的问候电话,可能需要提供的基本信息包括通话发起人是谁以及两三个建议的话题。有时也可能要了解一些个人信息,例如,如果对方丈夫或妻子生病了,需要提醒本国元首问候一下。
  If the topic is sensitive, the NSC will offer the president an additional short briefing, and then listen in on the call.
  如果通话话题很敏感,国家安全委员会将为总统额外提供一份简报,然后在总统旁边听他们通话。
  Are we alone now?
  现在只有我们吗?
  World leaders usually have various people listening in on their conversations, including aides and interpreters.
  通常会有很多人在世界领导人对话时在旁边听着,其中包括总统助手和翻译。
  Even when leaders speak another language fluently, they often choose to conduct official calls in their mother tongue.
  即使领导人能够流利地说另一种语言,他们也会在正式的通话中使用母语。
  "Sometimes that is down to national pride, but it's also to avoid misunderstandings and protect nuance," says Kevin Hendzel, a former White House linguist6.
  前白宫语言专家凯文?亨德尔表示,“这关系到民族自豪感,也是为了避免误解,同时保留语言中的细微差别。”
  US presidential translators will have passed security clearances7, background checks and even sat polygraph tests, before they become privy8 to sensitive information involved in high-level diplomacy9.
  美国总统的翻译在获准接触高层外交中的敏感信息之前,必须通过安全审查、背景调查,甚至还包括谎言测试。
  "There are no novices10 that work at the presidential level," says Mr Hendzel. "It takes a great deal of time for an interpreter to reach this stage. They are also experts in the subject matter, and they know getting a form of address wrong can be a deal breaker."
  亨德尔称,“为总统工作的没有新手,一名翻译要经过很久才能做到这个级别。他们是这方面的专家,他们很清楚差之毫厘,谬以千里。”
  'I am Hillary Clinton, honestly, I am'
  “我真的是希拉里。”
  "It's apples and oranges when you are comparing transitional calls by a president-elect to those of a head of state in the Oval Office," says Mr Yates.
  耶茨称,“对比过侯任总统在交接期间的通话过程和成为总统后的通话后,你会发现两者完全没有可比性。”
  Once Mr Trump11 is in the hot seat, all his calls will be highly secure and heavily vetted12.
  一旦特朗普坐上这个责任重大的位置,他所有的通话都将高度保密、严加审查。
  "The president will feel like he has just picked up the phone, like any other call, but the call will have been through multiple checks to ensure its fidelity," says Mr Yates.
  “总统会觉得他刚接起的电话和所有电话一样,但这通电话的真实性将会得到多次确认。”
  Sometimes this vetting13 process can be so tight, the wrong people get cut off. "I am fighting w[ith] the WH operator who doesn't believe I am who I say," wrote exasperated14 Secretary of State Hillary Clinton in a 2010 email.
  有时,这个审查程序可能过于严格,以至于会挂错电话。国务卿希拉里曾在2010年的一封电邮中愤怒地写道:“我正在和不相信我是谁的白宫电话接线员吵架。”
  Presidents get pranked, too
  总统们也会被整
  Prank15 calls to presidents are rare, but not unheard of.
  总统很少收到恶作剧电话,但也不是没有。
  Spanish Prime Minister Mariano Rajoy fell victim to hoax16 in January, when a radio presenter17 phoned imitating the new separatist leader of Catalonia.
  西班牙首相马里亚诺?拉霍伊今年一月就上当受骗了,当时一个电台主持人模仿加泰罗尼亚的分离主义新领导人打电话给他。
  In 2003, a US radio station based in Miami scored the double, when it tricked both the then Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez and his close ally, the former leader of Cuba, Fidel Castro.
  2003年,迈阿密的美国电台更加厉害,他们同时骗到了时任委内瑞拉总统乌戈?查韦斯和他的亲密盟友前古巴领导人菲德尔?卡斯特罗。
  Radio El Zol first called Chavez, pretending to be Castro, and then called Castro masquerading as Chavez. When the Cuban realised he had been tricked, he unleashed18 a torrent19 of swearwords.
  El ZOL电台首先假扮卡斯特罗给查韦斯打电话,然后冒充查维斯打给卡斯特罗。当卡斯特罗意识到自己被骗之后,他破口大骂。
  The hotline that is not a phone
  热线电话不是一部电话
  The Moscow-Washington hotline, often referred to the "red telephone", is a special, highly secure system that allows direct communication between the leaders of the United States and Russia.
  莫斯科-华盛顿热线通常被称为“红色电话”,它是允许美俄领导人直接沟通的高度安全的特殊系统。
  "Contrary to the myths, it's not actually a phone," explains Kevin Hendzel, who worked as senior technical linguist on the project in the 1980s.
  上世纪80年代曾担任高级技术语言专家的凯文?亨德尔解释道,“与传说不同,实际上热线电话不是一部电话。”
  The line, used to send text and images (maps, diagrams etc), was developed after the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis, when the two countries came close to a nuclear war.
  1962年古巴导弹危机让美俄两国走向了核战争的边缘,此后,两国开通了这条用于发送文字和图像(地图,图表等)的专线。
  It remains20 an open channel, allowing instant communication if needed. "Because when it comes to nuclear missiles, everything is measured in minutes," says Mr Hendzel.
  “热线电话”是在必要情况下可以进行即时通信的开放渠道。 亨德尔说:“因为涉及到核导弹时,一切都是按分钟计算的。”
  Vocabualry
  off-the-cuff: 脱口而出的,即兴的
  privy to: 准许知情
  hot seat: 责任重大的位置
  fidelity: 保真度,准确度
  prank: 玩笑

点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 adviser HznziU     
n.劝告者,顾问
参考例句:
  • They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
  • Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。
2 helping 2rGzDc     
n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的,辅助的
参考例句:
  • The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
  • By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。
3 advisory lKvyj     
adj.劝告的,忠告的,顾问的,提供咨询
参考例句:
  • I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
  • He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。
4 initiated 9cd5622f36ab9090359c3cf3ca4ddda3     
n. 创始人 adj. 新加入的 vt. 开始,创始,启蒙,介绍加入
参考例句:
  • He has not yet been thoroughly initiated into the mysteries of computers. 他对计算机的奥秘尚未入门。
  • The artist initiated the girl into the art world in France. 这个艺术家介绍这个女孩加入巴黎艺术界。
5 reminder WkzzTb     
n.提醒物,纪念品;暗示,提示
参考例句:
  • I have had another reminder from the library.我又收到图书馆的催还单。
  • It always took a final reminder to get her to pay her share of the rent.总是得发给她一份最后催缴通知,她才付应该交的房租。
6 linguist K02xo     
n.语言学家;精通数种外国语言者
参考例句:
  • I used to be a linguist till I become a writer.过去我是个语言学家,后来成了作家。
  • Professor Cui has a high reputation as a linguist.崔教授作为语言学家名声很高。
7 clearances ec40aa102b878fb9d47b3f1882c46eb4     
清除( clearance的名词复数 ); 许可; (录用或准许接触机密以前的)审查许可; 净空
参考例句:
  • But I can't get to him without clearances. 但是没有证明我就没法见到他。
  • The bridge and the top of the bus was only ten clearances. 桥与公共汽车车顶之间的间隙只有十厘米。
8 privy C1OzL     
adj.私用的;隐密的
参考例句:
  • Only three people,including a policeman,will be privy to the facts.只会允许3个人,其中包括一名警察,了解这些内情。
  • Very few of them were privy to the details of the conspiracy.他们中很少有人知道这一阴谋的详情。
9 diplomacy gu9xk     
n.外交;外交手腕,交际手腕
参考例句:
  • The talks have now gone into a stage of quiet diplomacy.会谈现在已经进入了“温和外交”阶段。
  • This was done through the skill in diplomacy. 这是通过外交手腕才做到的。
10 novices 760ca772bcfbe170dc208a6174b7f7a2     
n.新手( novice的名词复数 );初学修士(或修女);(修会等的)初学生;尚未赢过大赛的赛马
参考例句:
  • The Russians are such novices in Africa. 在非洲的俄国人简直都是些毫无经验的生手。 来自辞典例句
  • Where the primary track all novices, screams everywhere, ha ha good terror. 那里的初级道上全是生手,到处都是尖叫声,哈哈好恐怖的。 来自互联网
11 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌,法宝;v.打出王牌,吹喇叭
参考例句:
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手,作为他的王牌。
12 vetted c6c2d39ddfb9a855b4c87b24b49b3d60     
v.审查(某人过去的记录、资格等)( vet的过去式和过去分词 );调查;检查;诊疗
参考例句:
  • The recruits were thoroughly vetted before they were allowed into the secret service. 情报机关招募的新成员要经过严格的审查。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • All staff are vetted for links with extremist groups before being employed. 所有职员录用前均须审查是否与极端分子团体有关。 来自辞典例句
13 vetting a80d8b6e330219174b308e2937edab43     
n.数据检查[核对,核实]v.审查(某人过去的记录、资格等)( vet的现在分词 );调查;检查;诊疗
参考例句:
  • Scripts had to be submitted to Ministry of Information officials for vetting. 必须把脚本提交给信息部官员审查。 来自互联网
  • Their purpose in clicking deeper into a site is one of vetting. 他们深入点击网站的目的是一种诊疗。 来自互联网
14 exasperated ltAz6H     
adj.恼怒的
参考例句:
  • We were exasperated at his ill behaviour. 我们对他的恶劣行为感到非常恼怒。
  • Constant interruption of his work exasperated him. 对他工作不断的干扰使他恼怒。
15 prank 51azg     
n.开玩笑,恶作剧;v.装饰;打扮;炫耀自己
参考例句:
  • It was thought that the fire alarm had been set off as a prank.人们认为火警报警器响是个恶作剧。
  • The dean was ranking the boys for pulling the prank.系主任正在惩罚那些恶作剧的男学生。
16 hoax pcAxs     
v.欺骗,哄骗,愚弄;n.愚弄人,恶作剧
参考例句:
  • They were the victims of a cruel hoax.他们是一个残忍恶作剧的受害者。
  • They hoax him out of his money.他们骗去他的钱。
17 presenter llRzYi     
n.(电视、广播的)主持人,赠与者
参考例句:
  • Most people think being a television presenter is exciting.很多人认为当电视节目主持人是一件刺激的事情。
  • The programme dispensed with its most popular presenter.这个节目最受欢迎的主持人被换掉了。
18 unleashed unleashed     
v.把(感情、力量等)释放出来,发泄( unleash的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • The government's proposals unleashed a storm of protest in the press. 政府的提案引发了新闻界的抗议浪潮。
  • The full force of his rage was unleashed against me. 他把所有的怒气都发泄在我身上。 来自《简明英汉词典》
19 torrent 7GCyH     
n.激流,洪流;爆发,(话语等的)连发
参考例句:
  • The torrent scoured a channel down the hillside. 急流沿着山坡冲出了一条沟。
  • Her pent-up anger was released in a torrent of words.她压抑的愤怒以滔滔不绝的话爆发了出来。
20 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物,残留物;遗体,遗迹
参考例句:
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
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