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实用英语综合教程第三册-2

时间:2007-01-11 16:00来源:互联网 提供网友:belle0920   字体: [ ]
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UNIT 2
Text A

PRE-READING TASK

Exercise 1
Before reading the passage, try to answer the questions.

1. What is a tariff1(关税)?
2. Do you know the difference between a revenue tariff (财政关税)and a protective tariff (保护性关税)?

Now compare you answers with what is stated in the passage.

Unique Problems
in International Trade

1 There are some unique problems in international trade and companies doing business overseas must be aware of them. In particular, there include (a) cultural problems, (b) monetary2 conversion3, and (c) trade barriers.
2 When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.
3 For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly4 at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are late are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.
4 A second traditional problem is that of monetary conversion. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion rate is determined5 by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble may be worth $0.75 on Monday and $0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma6 associated with converting at $0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling7 to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at $0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.
5 A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict imports. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas9 and tariffs10.
6 A quota8 is a quantitative11 restriction12 that is expressed in terms of either physical quantity or value. For example, a quota that states that no more than 50 000 Class A widgets may be imported from Europe each year is a restriction stated in terms of physical quantity. Meanwhile, a quota that restricts the importation of a certain type of Japanese glassware to no more than $ 1 million worth a year is stated in terms of value.
7 A tariff is a duty or fee levied13 on goods being imported into the country. These tariffs can be of two types: revenue or protective. A revenue tariff is designed to raise money for the government. These tariffs are usually low, often amounting to less than twenty-five cents per item or pound. A protective tariff is designed to discourage foreign businesses from shipping14 certain goods into the country. The basic reason for a protective tariff is to keep out goods that will undersell products made in the home country. For this reason, protective tariffs are often very high, thus forcing the foreign business to raise its prices to cover the tariff.
8 Tariff duties are of three types: specific, ad valorem, and compound. Specific duties are levied at the rate of so much per unit or pound. For example, the specific duty on one product might be $10 per unit, while on another it might be 25c per pound.
9 Ad valorem duties are levied on the basis of the product's value. For example, an ad valorem duty of 7 percent on a particular product valued at $100 would result in a $7 tariff.
10 Compound duties are a combination of specific and ad valorem duties. One example is suits. In the past the duty on them has been 371/2 c per pound and 21 percent ad valorem.

New Words

unique
a. 1. having no like or equal 独特的
2. being the only one of its kind 唯一的

overseas
ad. to, at or in somewhere across the sea 在国外
a. foreign (来自)外国的,海外的

means
n. way; something which helps us to do what we want to do 方法,手段

conversion
n. the act of changing into another type of money of equal value 兑换(货币等)

prompt
a. done or given quickly, at once 迅速的,及时的

promptly
ad. 迅速地,及时地

promptness
n. readiness to act; quickness 迅速,及时

designate
v. 指定,标出

heel
n. the back part of the foot (足)跟

transaction
n. a piece of business; affair (一笔)交易,业务

conduct
v. to direct the course of (a business, activity, etc.)进行

ruble
n. 卢布(俄罗斯货币单位)

fluctuate
v. to rise and fall 波动,涨落

shortage
n. a condition of having less than needed 不足,缺少

dilemma
n. a difficult choice between two courses of action (进退两难的)窘境,困境

financial
a. connected with money 金融的

impose
v. 1. 把……(强)加于
2. to establish (an additional payment) officially 征(税)

border
n. the dividing line between two countries 国界,边界

strategic
a. 战略上(用)的

permission
n. agreement 许可,允许

restrict
v. to keep with in limits 限制,限定

restriction
n. the act of restricting or the state of being restricted 限制,限定

quota
n. a limited number or quantity of something 限额,定量

tariff
n. 关税

quantitative
a. of or about quantity 数量的

widget
n. 1. (某公司的)典型小产品
2. (美俚)(汽车或衣服上的)装饰品
meanwhile
ad. in the meantime 同时

importation
n. the act of bringing in something, esp. from abroad 进口

glassware
n. articles made of glass (总称)玻璃制品,玻璃器皿

levy15
v. to demand and collect officially 征收

revenue
n. the income, esp. that which the government receives as tax (国家的)税收,收入

protective
a. 1. 保护贸易的
2. 保护的, 防护的

discourage
v. to try to prevent or put difficulties in the way of 阻止,阻拦

undersell
v. to sell goods at a lower price than a competitor 以低于(他人或同类产品的)价格出售

ad valorem
a. (Latin) according to the value (拉)(对商品征税而言)按照价格的

compound
a. 1. consisting of two or more separable parts 混合的,复合的
2. (of a word or sentence) consisting of two or more main parts (词、句的)复合的

basis
n. that from which something is started, built or calculated, etc. 基础,根据

combination
n. 组合,混合

Phrases and Expressions

in particular
特别,尤其

come in contact with
与…接触(或联系

cool one's heels
久等,空等

impose … on
把…强加于

amount to
总计,等于

discourage…from
阻拦

keep out
(使)不进入,保留

at the rate of
以…的汇率、税率、速率等

on the basis of
根据

result in
导致

Proper Name

Russia
俄罗斯


Text B

PRE-READING TASK

Exercise 1
Before reading the passage, try to answer the questions.

1. Have you ever heard of the World Bank? If yes, say something about its function.
2. Do you know what the International Monetary Fund is? When was it set up?

Now read the passage to learn more about the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund

The World Bank and
the International Monetary Fund

1 As its name implies, the World Bank was formed to provide sound long-term loans for reconstruction16 and development. The International Monetary Fund is concerned, as we shall see shortly, with short-term credit and the cooperative management of foreign exchange rates.
2 The World Bank is easy to understand. The lending nations subscribe17 toward its capital stock in proportion to their economic importance. The Bank can use its capital to make international loans to people or countries whose projects seem economically sound but who cannot get private loans at reasonably low interest rates.
3 The World Bank's true importance arises from something greater than the loans that it can make out of its own capital. More important is the fact that it can float bonds and use the proceeds to make loans. The bonds are safe because they are backed by the credit of all the nations. Also, the Bank can insure loans in return for a small premium18; private parties can then put up the money, knowing the Bank's credit is squarely behind the loan.
4 As a result of such long-term credits, we have seen goods and services flowing out of the advanced nations aimed at international development. If sound, these loans will be repaid in full. If some go sour, the loss will be paid out of the Bank's interest or premium earnings19. If still more go sour, the loss will be spread over all the member nations.
5 Has the Bank been a financial success? Decidedly. Especially after Robert McNamara (formerly of Ford20 Motor and the Pentagon) became its head in the late 1960s, the Bank has stepped up the scale of its activities sharply. An increasing proportion of its financing now goes through the International Development Agency, set up by the Bank to make "soft loans" to nations for education, roads, hospitals, etc.; and through its International Finance Corporation, established to make loans to foreign development banks for financing private investment projects.
6 For the 1980s, McNamara has shifted the Bank's focus toward a concern for the very poorest in the developing countries. The best private commercial banks, by their nature, cannot have such a concern for human hunger and disease, for minimum life standards and the mitigation of inequality of opportunity and position.
7 The IMF, like the World Bank, grew out of the 1944 Bretton Woods conferences. It hoped to secure the advantages of the gold standard without its disadvantages. Exchange rates were in the beginning envisaged22 to be relatively23 stable. But there were to be orderly ways to unpeg parities25 that represented clear undervaluation or overvaluation. International cooperation was to replace the previous automatic mechanism26. Also, countries were to be spared the need to make adjustments by painfully deflating themselves into drastic unemployment. And the IMF still hopes to lessen27 the need for import controls. How do IMF operations work? Here's one case.
8 Ordinarily, a country pays for its imports by means of its exports or long-term borrowing. Suppose a country, say, the United Kingdom, is in need of short-term credit from the IMF. How exactly does the IMF enable such a debtor28 country to get hold of dollars? It does this by extending "purchasing rights". It simply lets the British buy with British currency some of the Fund's own holdings of dollars. After the British balance of payments has improved, Britain is expected to buy back with gold or dollars (or, as we'll see, with SDRs or "paper gold") the pounds it has sold to the Fund.
9 From 1945 until 1971 when the Bretton Woods system broke down forever, the IMF nurtured30 the illusion that it could keep exchange rates pegged31 most of the time. Only under the extreme pressure of fundamental disequilibria persisting in a country's balance of payments would the IMF expect that country to depreciate32 its exchange rate.
10 The IMF and its leading members put up a gallant33 but hopeless fight to make stable exchange rates work.
11 As will be seen, after 1971 the Bretton Woods system of pegged exchange rates broke down permanently34 and was replaced by a system of "managed floating-exchange rates."

New Words

imply
v. to suggest 暗示,意味着

construction
n. the business or work of building 建设,建造

reconstruction
n. 重新建设,重新建造

cooperative
a. done, worked by people acting35 together 合作的,协作的

subscribe
v. to pay money regularly 赞助,捐赠

economic
a. connected with trade, industry and wealth 经济上的,经济学的

economical
a. using money, time, etc. carefully 节约的

economically
ad. 1. in a way which is connected with economics 在经济上
2. not wastefully36 节约地

reasonable
a. fair; not too much 合理的

reasonably
ad. fairly; quite 十分,相当

float
v. 1. 发行(债券)
2. 漂浮

proceeds
n. money obtained from an event (从事某种活动等的)收入,收益

insure
v. 给…投保,保险

premium
n. 1. 保险费
2.(票据、货币的)贴息

squarely
ad. 坚定地,坚实不动地

flow
v. 1. to be plentiful37 盛产,过多
2. (of liquid) to run 流动

advanced
a. far on in development 先进的,发达的

sour
a. 1. turning out to be bad 不行的
2. 酸的

scale
n. the size in relation to other things 范围,规模

finance
v. to provide money for 提供经费,资助
n. (science of) the management of money 财政,金融

corporation
n. 公司,法人

shift
v. to change position or direction 转移,改变

hunger
n. the need, desire for food 饥饿

minimum
a. (of) least possible or recorded amount, degree, etc. 最小量的,最低程度的

mitigation
n. the act of making less severe 缓和,减轻

inequality
n. a difference in social status, wealth, etc. (地位、财富等的)差别,不平等

opportunity
n. favourable38 time or chance 机会,时机

secure
v. 1. to succeed in getting 获得
2. to make certain or safe 使安全,使可靠

envisage21
v. to picture in the mind 想象,设想

unpeg
v. 使(证卷、通货等)解冻

parity39
n. 平价(指价格、汇率等方面的相等,也指两种不同货币的法定汇率)

undervaluation
n. 过低的估价

overvaluation
n. 过高的估价

cooperation
n. the act of working together 合作,配合

previous
a. coming earlier in time or order 早先的,以前的

painful
a. causing pain 使痛苦的

painfully
ad. in a painful manner 痛苦地

deflate
v. to reduce the supply of money or lower the level of prices 紧缩(通货等)

drastic
a. strong, sudden, and often violent and severe 迅猛的,严厉的

employment
n. the act of employing or the state of being employed 雇佣,受雇

unemployment
n. the state of being unemployed40 失业

lessen
v. to make or become less 使减少

debtor
n. a person, group or organization who is in debt to another 负债人(方),债务人(方)

nurture29
v. to cause or encourage to develop 培养,教养

illusion
n. a false idea or belief 错误的观念

peg24
v. to fix prices, rates, etc. at a certain level 钉住汇率,限制价格在一定幅度内浮动

extreme
a. reaching the highest degree 极度的

fundamental
a. of great importance; of a foundation 基本的,十分重要的

disequilibria
n. (disequilibrium的复数形式)不稳定,不平衡

persist
v. to continue to exist 持续,存留

depreciate
v. to make less in value 降低…的价值(或价格),贬值

leading
a. chief; most important 主要的,最重要的

gallant
a. courageous41 英勇的

permanent
a. lasting42 for a long time or for ever 长久的,永恒的

permanently
ad. 长久地,永恒地

Phrases and Expressions

in return for
作为(与…的)交换

put up
提供(资金),储蓄,进行(抵抗、斗争等)
aim at
以…为目标,旨在

in full
全部地,全数地

go sour
出毛病,不受欢迎

spread over
分摊,分布

step up
加速,促进

set up
建立,设立,树立

by (one's) nature
出于本性地

by means of
用,以,依靠

in need of
需要

bread down
崩溃,破裂

Proper Names

the World Bank
世界银行

the International Monetary Fund
(联合国)国际货币基金组织(简称IMF)

Robert McNamara
罗伯特.麦克纳马拉

Ford Motor
福特汽车公司

the Pentagon
五角大楼(常用作美国国防部的代称)

the International Development Agency
国际开发署

International Finance Corporation
(联合国)国际金融公司

Bretton Woods conferences
布雷顿森林会议

SDRs
特别提款权(Special Drawing Rights)


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 tariff mqwwG     
n.关税,税率;(旅馆、饭店等)价目表,收费表
参考例句:
  • There is a very high tariff on jewelry.宝石类的关税率很高。
  • The government is going to lower the tariff on importing cars.政府打算降低进口汽车的关税。
2 monetary pEkxb     
adj.货币的,钱的;通货的;金融的;财政的
参考例句:
  • The monetary system of some countries used to be based on gold.过去有些国家的货币制度是金本位制的。
  • Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means.荒凉地区的教育不是钱财问题。
3 conversion UZPyI     
n.转化,转换,转变
参考例句:
  • He underwent quite a conversion.他彻底变了。
  • Waste conversion is a part of the production process.废物处理是生产过程的一个组成部分。
4 promptly LRMxm     
adv.及时地,敏捷地
参考例句:
  • He paid the money back promptly.他立即还了钱。
  • She promptly seized the opportunity his absence gave her.她立即抓住了因他不在场给她创造的机会。
5 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的;有决心的
参考例句:
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
6 dilemma Vlzzf     
n.困境,进退两难的局面
参考例句:
  • I am on the horns of a dilemma about the matter.这件事使我进退两难。
  • He was thrown into a dilemma.他陷入困境。
7 unwilling CjpwB     
adj.不情愿的
参考例句:
  • The natives were unwilling to be bent by colonial power.土著居民不愿受殖民势力的摆布。
  • His tightfisted employer was unwilling to give him a raise.他那吝啬的雇主不肯给他加薪。
8 quota vSKxV     
n.(生产、进出口等的)配额,(移民的)限额
参考例句:
  • A restricted import quota was set for meat products.肉类产品设定了进口配额。
  • He overfulfilled his production quota for two months running.他一连两个月超额完成生产指标。
9 quotas 56efa1d6a3d7b4abe55e080dda812715     
(正式限定的)定量( quota的名词复数 ); 定额; 指标; 摊派
参考例句:
  • In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
  • Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。
10 tariffs a7eb9a3f31e3d6290c240675a80156ec     
关税制度; 关税( tariff的名词复数 ); 关税表; (旅馆或饭店等的)收费表; 量刑标准
参考例句:
  • British industry was sheltered from foreign competition by protective tariffs. 保护性关税使英国工业免受国际竞争影响。
  • The new tariffs have put a stranglehold on trade. 新的关税制对开展贸易极为不利。
11 quantitative TCpyg     
adj.数量的,定量的
参考例句:
  • He said it was only a quantitative difference.他说这仅仅是数量上的差别。
  • We need to do some quantitative analysis of the drugs.我们对药物要进行定量分析。
12 restriction jW8x0     
n.限制,约束
参考例句:
  • The park is open to the public without restriction.这个公园对公众开放,没有任何限制。
  • The 30 mph speed restriction applies in all built-up areas.每小时限速30英里适用于所有建筑物聚集区。
13 levied 18fd33c3607bddee1446fc49dfab80c6     
征(兵)( levy的过去式和过去分词 ); 索取; 发动(战争); 征税
参考例句:
  • Taxes should be levied more on the rich than on the poor. 向富人征收的税应该比穷人的多。
  • Heavy fines were levied on motoring offenders. 违规驾车者会遭到重罚。
14 shipping WESyg     
n.船运(发货,运输,乘船)
参考例句:
  • We struck a bargain with an American shipping firm.我们和一家美国船运公司谈成了一笔生意。
  • There's a shipping charge of £5 added to the price.价格之外另加五英镑运输费。
15 levy Z9fzR     
n.征收税或其他款项,征收额
参考例句:
  • They levy a tax on him.他们向他征税。
  • A direct food levy was imposed by the local government.地方政府征收了食品税。
16 reconstruction 3U6xb     
n.重建,再现,复原
参考例句:
  • The country faces a huge task of national reconstruction following the war.战后,该国面临着重建家园的艰巨任务。
  • In the period of reconstruction,technique decides everything.在重建时期,技术决定一切。
17 subscribe 6Hozu     
vi.(to)订阅,订购;同意;vt.捐助,赞助
参考例句:
  • I heartily subscribe to that sentiment.我十分赞同那个观点。
  • The magazine is trying to get more readers to subscribe.该杂志正大力发展新订户。
18 premium EPSxX     
n.加付款;赠品;adj.高级的;售价高的
参考例句:
  • You have to pay a premium for express delivery.寄快递你得付额外费用。
  • Fresh water was at a premium after the reservoir was contaminated.在水库被污染之后,清水便因稀而贵了。
19 earnings rrWxJ     
n.工资收人;利润,利益,所得
参考例句:
  • That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
  • Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。
20 Ford KiIxx     
n.浅滩,水浅可涉处;v.涉水,涉过
参考例句:
  • They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上,所以我们只能涉水过河。
  • If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪,必须极度小心。
21 envisage AjczV     
v.想象,设想,展望,正视
参考例句:
  • Nobody can envisage the consequences of total nuclear war.没有人能够想像全面核战争的后果。
  • When do you envisage being able to pay me back?你看你什么时候能还我钱?
22 envisaged 40d5ad82152f6e596b8f8c766f0778db     
想像,设想( envisage的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句:
  • He envisaged an old age of loneliness and poverty. 他面对着一个孤独而贫困的晚年。
  • Henry Ford envisaged an important future for the motor car. 亨利·福特为汽车设想了一个远大前程。
23 relatively bkqzS3     
adv.比较...地,相对地
参考例句:
  • The rabbit is a relatively recent introduction in Australia.兔子是相对较新引入澳大利亚的物种。
  • The operation was relatively painless.手术相对来说不痛。
24 peg p3Fzi     
n.木栓,木钉;vt.用木钉钉,用短桩固定
参考例句:
  • Hang your overcoat on the peg in the hall.把你的大衣挂在门厅的挂衣钩上。
  • He hit the peg mightily on the top with a mallet.他用木槌猛敲木栓顶。
25 parities e5e82537e62f7938ad014c2d75db50ca     
同等( parity的名词复数 ); 相等; 对等; 奇偶校验
参考例句:
  • A system where no official parities for currencies are declared or maintained. 指一种官方不公开汇率目标的汇率制度。
  • In 2000 developing countries accounted for 37% of world output (at purchasing power parities). 2000年时,发展中国家只占全世界经济产出的37%(以消费力平价计算)。
26 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置;机构,结构
参考例句:
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
27 lessen 01gx4     
vt.减少,减轻;缩小
参考例句:
  • Regular exercise can help to lessen the pain.经常运动有助于减轻痛感。
  • They've made great effort to lessen the noise of planes.他们尽力减小飞机的噪音。
28 debtor bxfxy     
n.借方,债务人
参考例句:
  • He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。
  • The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。
29 nurture K5sz3     
n.养育,照顾,教育;滋养,营养品;vt.养育,给与营养物,教养,扶持
参考例句:
  • The tree grows well in his nurture.在他的培育下这棵树长得很好。
  • The two sisters had received very different nurture.这俩个姊妹接受过极不同的教育。
30 nurtured 2f8e1ba68cd5024daf2db19178217055     
养育( nurture的过去式和过去分词 ); 培育; 滋长; 助长
参考例句:
  • She is looking fondly at the plants he had nurtured. 她深情地看着他培育的植物。
  • Any latter-day Einstein would still be spotted and nurtured. 任何一个未来的爱因斯坦都会被发现并受到培养。
31 pegged eb18fad4b804ac8ec6deaf528b06e18b     
v.用夹子或钉子固定( peg的过去式和过去分词 );使固定在某水平
参考例句:
  • They pegged their tent down. 他们钉好了账篷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • She pegged down the stairs. 她急忙下楼。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
32 depreciate Pmpz0     
v.降价,贬值,折旧
参考例句:
  • The computer value will depreciate by $ 500 in the first year.在头一年里这台电脑会贬值500美元。
  • If you neglect this property,it will depreciate.如果你忽视这份资产,它无形中就贬值了。
33 gallant 66Myb     
adj.英勇的,豪侠的;(向女人)献殷勤的
参考例句:
  • Huang Jiguang's gallant deed is known by all men. 黄继光的英勇事迹尽人皆知。
  • These gallant soldiers will protect our country.这些勇敢的士兵会保卫我们的国家的。
34 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地,永久地,固定不变地
参考例句:
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
35 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏,行为,假装;adj.代理的,临时的,演出用的
参考例句:
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她,她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代,她的表演生涯黯然失色。
36 wastefully 4d7939d0798bd95ef33a1f4fb7ab9100     
浪费地,挥霍地,耗费地
参考例句:
  • He soon consumed his fortune, ie spent the money wastefully. 他很快就把财产挥霍殆尽。
  • Small Q is one flies upwards the bracelet youth, likes enjoying noisily, spends wastefully. 小Q则是一个飞扬跳脱的青年,爱玩爱闹,花钱大手大脚。
37 plentiful r2izH     
adj.富裕的,丰富的
参考例句:
  • Their family has a plentiful harvest this year.他们家今年又丰收了。
  • Rainfall is plentiful in the area.这个地区雨量充足。
38 favourable favourable     
adj.赞成的,称赞的,有利的,良好的,顺利的
参考例句:
  • The company will lend you money on very favourable terms.这家公司将以非常优惠的条件借钱给你。
  • We found that most people are favourable to the idea.我们发现大多数人同意这个意见。
39 parity 34mzS     
n.平价,等价,比价,对等
参考例句:
  • The two currencies have now reached parity.这两种货币现已达到同等价值。
  • Women have yet to achieve wage or occupational parity in many fields.女性在很多领域还没能争取到薪金、职位方面的平等。
40 unemployed lfIz5Q     
adj.失业的,没有工作的;未动用的,闲置的
参考例句:
  • There are now over four million unemployed workers in this country.这个国家现有四百万失业人员。
  • The unemployed hunger for jobs.失业者渴望得到工作。
41 courageous HzSx7     
adj.勇敢的,有胆量的
参考例句:
  • We all honour courageous people.我们都尊重勇敢的人。
  • He was roused to action by courageous words.豪言壮语促使他奋起行动。
42 lasting IpCz02     
adj.永久的,永恒的;vbl.持续,维持
参考例句:
  • The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
  • We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。
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