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VOA双语新闻:西方学者:变化中的中国重新尊孔

时间:2011-03-21 06:05来源:互联网 提供网友:lg1487   字体: [ ]
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  The Olympic games are drawing attention to China, which is undergoing sweeping1 changes as it modernizes2. Yet some in China look to the past for inspiration, to the ideas of social harmony of the philosopher Confucius. Political scholar Daniel Bell, author of a book called "China's New Confucianism," who says the thought of the ancient Chinese sage3 is being revived.
北京奥林匹克运动会吸引了全球目光注视急速现代化的中国。但是有些中国人现在回头向孔子的学说、即儒家思想来寻找灵感,比如孔子有关社会和谐的理念。“中国的新儒家学说”一书作者、政治学者贝尔表示,孔子这位中国古代大哲学家的思想目前正在中国复兴。
For more than 2,000 years, China was guided by the teacher and moral philosopher Confucius. For 600 years, this Confucian temple and university complex in Beijing was at the heart of a national system that trained the scholar-officials who ran imperial China.
在过去两千多年的时间里,中国一直遵循古代大哲学家孔夫子的学说的指导。有六百年之久,在北京的孔庙和众多的大学,曾经是专门训练统治中华帝国的科举制度产生的官员的系统的中心。
Twentieth century communist revolutionaries rejected Confucianism as a part of China's oppressive feudal4 past. But Chinese and Western scholars say the ancient sage is being rehabilitated5.
但是中国和西方学者表示,这位古代大哲学家的思想现在又再次被奉为神圣。
Daniel Bell teaches political philosophy at Beijing's Tsinghua University.
贝尔在北京清华大学教授政治哲学。
"Throughout most of the 20th century, China felt itself weak and vulnerable and they blamed their own traditions for their problems, and they looked to the West, whether it was Marxism or liberalism for inspiration," he said.
“20世纪大部分时间里,中国自认衰弱的原因是自己的传统所造成的,因此向西方取经,学习马克思主义或自由主义。”
"They sill look to the West to a certain extent, but more and more now they're looking at their own traditions," he added.
“现在,在某种程度上中国人仍然崇尚西方,但是越来越多人在开始重新推崇自己的传统。”
Confucius taught that society should be based on well-defined relationships, observance of ritual, personal rules of conduct, virtues6 like loyalty7, and on learning, accomplishment8 and merit. Bell says that for the ancient sage, social life begins with relationships in the family.
孔夫子教导说,社会的基础应该是经过细致规范的人际关系,应该人人遵守礼仪,个人行为规范。坚守忠诚、好学、以勤奋谋取功名等美德。贝尔说,按照这位古代大哲人的说法,社会生活应该起自家庭关系。
"And you're supposed to learn about morality through the family," he said. "And then you extend morality outside non-family members, first to the nation and then it reaches eventually to the whole world."
“你应该从家庭学习道德。然后再扩大到社会。即所谓的齐家、治国、平天下。”
Bell says China's early communist leaders rejected Confucianism and turned to a rival ancient system known as Legalism, which elevates the government and embraces force as a means of control. They were not the first to do that.
Qin Shi Huang, the emperor who unified9 China, rejected Confucian learning more than 2,000 years ago, executing Confucian scholars and burning their writings. But Confucianism revived, with its softer approach to power. Bell says that like the first emperor, the early communists struggled to consolidate10 their power.
统一中国的秦始皇在两千年前就摒弃过儒家学说,甚至还焚书坑儒。但是儒家思想因其推崇以柔克刚的权力手段得以复兴。
"But once the country becomes stronger, less vulnerable to foreign bullying11 and more self-confident, then I think the Confucian ways of soft power can begin to reassert themselves, just as they did 2,000 years ago," he said. "I think we have a similar development now, where there won't be this very harsh kind of authoritarian12 way of governing, which owes much more to Legalism than to Confucianism."
“但是一旦国家开始强大,不再受外国欺负,变得更加自信,我认为孔子的仁政思想便开始再度受到重视,就好像在两千年前一样。我认为我们现在处于类似的发展状况,不需要用那种类似法家思想的非常严酷的集权统治方式,而改取儒家思想。”
Bell sees renewed interest in Confucius at all levels of Chinese society, among government leaders and ordinary people.
贝尔看到,在中国社会的各个阶层,从政府领导人到普通百姓,人们再度对孔子表现出兴趣。
A 2006 book by Chinese Confucian scholar Yu Dan sold 10 million copies, and Bell says students are flocking to classes on the subject at Tsinghua university.
中国儒学学者于丹2006年撰写的一本书卖出了1千万册。贝尔说,清华大学的学生在争相选修这方面的课程。
Some Chinese commentators13 have criticized this focus on the past, known as "national studies fever." But Bell says parts of the tradition mesh14 well with the modern Chinese goal of building a harmonious15 society.
一些中国评论人士批评了这种专注过去的所谓“国学热。”但是贝尔认为,一些传统的东西可以和现代中国构建和谐社会的目标较好地结合起来。
He says the Beijing Olympics are inspired by Confucian ideals of friendship and harmony, and notes that the opening ceremony quoted Confucian sayings. He cites another Confucian theme not included in the program, the observation that harmony does not demand conformity16. Bell would like to hear more about that part of the tradition.
他说,北京奥运会就受到孔子关于友谊和和谐理想的启发。他提到开幕式所引用的孔子名言。他说,开幕式没有体现出孔子学说的另一个主题,就是和而不同的思想。贝尔希望听到更多对这方面传统思想的谈论。
Still, he is encouraged by China's rediscovery of its past, which he says will serve the country well as it shapes new institutions for its future.
不过,他还是对中国重新推崇历史理念感到鼓舞。他说,这对中国未来建立新制度将是有益的。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 sweeping ihCzZ4     
adj.范围广大的,一扫无遗的
参考例句:
  • The citizens voted for sweeping reforms.公民投票支持全面的改革。
  • Can you hear the wind sweeping through the branches?你能听到风掠过树枝的声音吗?
2 modernizes 51fcea36dfa1a402cfa0f9e5980f74f1     
现代化事物( modernize的名词复数 )
参考例句:
  • It modernizes the game while lowering the learning curve for newer players. 它让游戏更为现代化,降低了对新手的入门要求。
  • In time to come, as a society modernizes, people's rights and responsibilities should be balanced. 从发展的角度看,一个社会越是具有现代性,它的公民的权利和义务就越是平衡。
3 sage sCUz2     
n.圣人,哲人;adj.贤明的,明智的
参考例句:
  • I was grateful for the old man's sage advice.我很感激那位老人贤明的忠告。
  • The sage is the instructor of a hundred ages.这位哲人是百代之师。
4 feudal cg1zq     
adj.封建的,封地的,领地的
参考例句:
  • Feudal rulers ruled over the country several thousand years.封建统治者统治这个国家几千年。
  • The feudal system lasted for two thousand years in China.封建制度在中国延续了两千年之久。
5 rehabilitated 9f0df09d5d67098e9f9374ad9b9e4e75     
改造(罪犯等)( rehabilitate的过去式和过去分词 ); 使恢复正常生活; 使恢复原状; 修复
参考例句:
  • He has been rehabilitated in public esteem. 公众已恢复对他的敬重。
  • Young persons need to be, wherever possible, rehabilitated rather than punished. 未成年人需要受到尽可能的矫正而不是惩罚。
6 virtues cd5228c842b227ac02d36dd986c5cd53     
美德( virtue的名词复数 ); 德行; 优点; 长处
参考例句:
  • Doctors often extol the virtues of eating less fat. 医生常常宣扬少吃脂肪的好处。
  • She delivered a homily on the virtues of family life. 她进行了一场家庭生活美德方面的说教。
7 loyalty gA9xu     
n.忠诚,忠心
参考例句:
  • She told him the truth from a sense of loyalty.她告诉他真相是出于忠诚。
  • His loyalty to his friends was never in doubt.他对朋友的一片忠心从来没受到怀疑。
8 accomplishment 2Jkyo     
n.完成,成就,(pl.)造诣,技能
参考例句:
  • The series of paintings is quite an accomplishment.这一系列的绘画真是了不起的成就。
  • Money will be crucial to the accomplishment of our objectives.要实现我们的目标,钱是至关重要的。
9 unified 40b03ccf3c2da88cc503272d1de3441c     
(unify 的过去式和过去分词); 统一的; 统一标准的; 一元化的
参考例句:
  • The teacher unified the answer of her pupil with hers. 老师核对了学生的答案。
  • The First Emperor of Qin unified China in 221 B.C. 秦始皇于公元前221年统一中国。
10 consolidate XYkyV     
v.使加固,使加强;(把...)联为一体,合并
参考例句:
  • The two banks will consolidate in July next year. 这两家银行明年7月将合并。
  • The government hoped to consolidate ten states to form three new ones.政府希望把十个州合并成三个新的州。
11 bullying f23dd48b95ce083d3774838a76074f5f     
v.恐吓,威逼( bully的现在分词 );豪;跋扈
参考例句:
  • Many cases of bullying go unreported . 很多恐吓案件都没有人告发。
  • All cases of bullying will be severely dealt with. 所有以大欺小的情况都将受到严肃处理。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 authoritarian Kulzq     
n./adj.专制(的),专制主义者,独裁主义者
参考例句:
  • Foreign diplomats suspect him of authoritarian tendencies.各国外交官怀疑他有着独裁主义倾向。
  • The authoritarian policy wasn't proved to be a success.独裁主义的政策证明并不成功。
13 commentators 14bfe5fe312768eb5df7698676f7837c     
n.评论员( commentator的名词复数 );时事评论员;注释者;实况广播员
参考例句:
  • Sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 体育解说员翻来覆去说着同样的词语,真叫人腻烦。
  • Television sports commentators repeat the same phrases ad nauseam. 电视体育解说员说来说去就是那么几句话,令人厌烦。 来自《简明英汉词典》
14 mesh cC1xJ     
n.网孔,网丝,陷阱;vt.以网捕捉,啮合,匹配;vi.适合; [计算机]网络
参考例句:
  • Their characters just don't mesh.他们的性格就是合不来。
  • This is the net having half inch mesh.这是有半英寸网眼的网。
15 harmonious EdWzx     
adj.和睦的,调和的,和谐的,协调的
参考例句:
  • Their harmonious relationship resulted in part from their similar goals.他们关系融洽的部分原因是他们有着相似的目标。
  • The room was painted in harmonious colors.房间油漆得色彩调和。
16 conformity Hpuz9     
n.一致,遵从,顺从
参考例句:
  • Was his action in conformity with the law?他的行动是否合法?
  • The plan was made in conformity with his views.计划仍按他的意见制定。
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